Follow these seven tips to give firefighters the best night’s sleep possible in a sleep-deprived world

By Joel Billings, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Emergency Services at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

We know that sleep quality is a predictor of long- and short-term health and wellness. We know that sleep deprivation impairs physical skills and decision making. We know that firefighters are susceptible to illnesses such as cancer and heart disease, which are exacerbated by poor sleep. 

And most importantly, we know firefighters don’t get great sleep. Whether building or renovating a fire station where firefighters will sleep, there are design and system options to improve sleep quality. 

There are two vital facets of fire station design: creating optimal sleeping environments to enhance rest, and introducing advanced alerting systems that minimize stress responses. 

Here are four fire station design elements to let firefighters sleep deeper and longer.

1. Temperature Control

Fire stations should be equipped with adjustable thermostats that allow each room’s temperature to be individually controlled. This ensures that every firefighter can customize their sleeping environment to their comfort level. Additionally, proper ventilation and airflow can help in removing odors and maintaining a fresh environment conducive to sleep.

2. Noise Reduction

Noise is a significant disruptor of sleep. To combat this, stations can implement solid-core doors and insulation in walls, ceilings and floors to minimize internal and external noise. Using white noise machines or devices that produce a consistent sound can also help mask disruptive noises, creating a quieter sleep environment. During design, sleeping quarters should be located in an area away from loud machinery, traffic, and other internal and external noises.

3. Light Management

Low light settings and the ability to block out light are important features for sleeping quarters. Installing blackout curtains can prevent external light from disturbing sleep. Motion-activated red lights can also be used to minimize disruption when moving around at night (red light is less likely to affect sleep than bright, white light).

4. Comfort and Privacy

Fire stations should establish a regular schedule for replacing and cleaning mattresses so they remain in good condition. Providing options for adjustable mattresses can cater to individual preferences. Moreover, the layout of sleeping quarters should offer varying levels of privacy. Transitioning from open bunk rooms to semi-private cubicles or fully private rooms can significantly enhance sleep quality by offering a sense of personal space and reducing disturbances.

Implementing Innovative Firefighter Alerting Systems

Traditional fire station alerting systems rely on loud, sudden alarms that can be startling and stress-inducing. This abrupt awakening can have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and overall health. Modernizing these systems with technology that mitigates the startle response can enhance safety and well-being. Here are three options. 

1. Tactile Alert Systems

New alert systems, such as those developed by EaseAlert, use personal alerting devices that employ tactile alerts (vibrations) rather than loud noises. These devices target the assigned responders directly and provide a gentle yet effective wake-up signal. Research shows that tactile alerts can reduce the physical startle response, lower heart rate increases and minimize pupil dilation, which helps maintain night vision.

2. Ramp-Up Alarms

Instead of sudden, loud noises, ramp-up alarms gradually increase in intensity. This type of alert can be less jarring and more effective in waking individuals without causing a severe startle response. Stations can also use lighting systems that transition from dim to bright in sync with the alarms. This helps firefighters wake up in a more natural and less disruptive manner.

3. Zoned Alerting and Automated Systems

Advanced fire station alerting systems can automate various aspects of the station, providing information more quickly and efficiently. Zoned alerting ensures that only the necessary responders are notified, reducing unnecessary disturbances. Automated systems can also tailor alerts based on the type of call, the time of day and the specific needs of the station.